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          2020
        </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-3ba18f14><main class="page"><div class="page-title" style="display:none;"><h1 class="title">Java 学习路线</h1> <div data-v-5d8dbdb4><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-5d8dbdb4><span data-v-5d8dbdb4>海星</span></i> <!----> <!----> <!----></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default" style="display:none;"><h1 id="java-学习路线"><a href="#java-学习路线" class="header-anchor">#</a> Java 学习路线</h1> <p>这里说的学习各种内容，永远不要忘了我们是为了就业，要是你真是感兴趣，另说。</p> <p>首先要学<strong>JavaSE</strong>，这是无庸置疑的。</p> <p>与此同时，是的，与此同时，和JavaSE的学习同步，建议大家研究一下<strong>数据结构与算法</strong>。</p> <p>在JavaSE完成之后，可以试着完成一些小项目，同时关注一下<strong>设计模式</strong>的内容，不必强求自己能够完全掌握各种细节，往前走吧。</p> <p>掌握一种编程工具，比如说Eclipse。</p> <p>数据库，只选择MySQL。</p> <p>JDBC，用Java连接数据库。</p> <p>然后可以做一些小项目，比如BBS、留言系统、学籍管理、商城等等，随便找一些业务逻辑比较简单的来做一做。</p> <p>接着就要上框架了</p> <p>Spring IOC + AOP， 面向对象 ＋ 面向切面，完善的旅程</p> <p>把以前自己的小项目加入Struts、Spring、Hibernate的元素吧。</p> <p>去研究各种商业项目的业务逻辑吧，才能在你的简历中加入浓重的一笔。</p> <h2 id="无论如何-请坚持不懈的动手实验"><a href="#无论如何-请坚持不懈的动手实验" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>无论如何，请坚持不懈的动手实验！</strong></h2> <p>学习Java要动手，仅仅是看和听是不能够学好编程的。</p> <p>提醒一句，要理解代码思路之后再跟着敲 ，背着敲，千万不要左边摆着别人的程序，右边自己一个一个子母的写，这就不再是程序员了，成了打字员了。</p> <h2 id="要事为先"><a href="#要事为先" class="header-anchor">#</a> 要事为先</h2> <p>对于一个以前从来没有接触过java的人，java无疑是庞大的，似乎每个领域都可以拓展开来都是一片开阔地，每一个领域要想深入接触到每一个细节所耗费的精力都是巨大的。这个时候大家都胸怀壮志，两眼发光的盯着每一个崭新的知识点，遇见了任何一个知识点都恨不得抠的清清楚楚，明明白白。</p> <p>推荐的学习方式是:<strong>抓大放小，要事为先</strong>。</p> <p>比如说学习J2SE的时候，学到GUI这一章，有的同学认为，既然学到这儿了，我们去把SWING细细的了解一遍吧；还有的同学，遇到了在Linux下的Shell编程，就恨不得把Shell先学成专家才肯，或者是才敢，继续往下学习；有没有过这样的感觉，一本书的上册没有学好，觉着下册心里也没底儿，甚至非要把上册复习一遍才敢继续学习。</p> <p>如果你也是这样，要去看看心理医生啦，没准儿会有洁癖的毛病:)。</p> <p>任何事情都要追求完美才敢继续往后进行，是一种性格缺陷</p> <p>大胆的放弃一些东西吧，有失才有得，**把自己有限的、宝贵的精力用在对于就业直接相关的地方，这才是最有效率的学习方式！**等你参加工作，有了可持续发展的事业动力和经济基础，有时间有精力闲的没事儿干的时候，再去研究那些其它吧。</p> <p>盖房子，要先建骨架，再谈修饰。</p> <p>画山水，要先画结构，再谈润色。</p> <h2 id="项目驱动"><a href="#项目驱动" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>项目驱动</strong></h2> <h2 id="问题解决之道"><a href="#问题解决之道" class="header-anchor">#</a> 问题解决之道</h2> <p>既然是学习，就不可能不遇到问题。</p> <p>既然是自学，就没有方便的和老师探讨的机会。</p> <p>那么，遇到问题之后，环境配不通，程序调不过，运行不正常，遇见这些恼人的问题的时候，该怎么办呢？</p> <p>首先我要恭喜你，遇见问题，意味着你又有涨经验的机会了，每解决一个问题，你的JAVA经验值就应该上升几百点，问题遇到的越多，知识提升的越快。</p> <p>但是总是解决不了也是很恼人的，怎么办呢？</p> <p>我一般要求我们的学生都是这样来进行的。</p> <p>当你遇到一个问题的时候：</p> <p>1：要仔细的观察错误的现象，是的，要仔细</p> <p>有不少同学的手非常快，在编译一个程序的时候，报了一大堆的错误，扫了一眼之后就开始盯着代码一行一行的找，看清什么错误了吗？没有！</p> <p>有的时候安装软件出问题了，一个对话框弹出来说出错了，马上举手问老师：“不得了了，出错了，出错了”。</p> <p>“什么错误？”</p> <p>“还没看呢？”</p> <p>这都是典型的不上心的方法！请记住，学习编程并不是一件很容易的事情，自己首先要重视，要用心才可以。</p> <p>在开发中，仔细观察出错信息，或者运行不正常的信息，是你要做的第一件事。</p> <p>读清楚了，才能在以后的步骤中有的放矢，哭了半天，总要知道哭的是谁才成。</p> <p>这里又分三种情况：</p> <p>A:错误信息读懂了，那么请进入2步：要仔细思考问题会出在哪些环节</p> <p>B:没读懂，愣是一点没看懂，进入第4步吧：google</p> <p>C:读了个半懂，有些眉目但是不太能确定，第2步和第4步结合着来。</p> <p>2：<strong>要仔细思考问题会出在哪些环节（重要）</strong></p> <p>当你读懂了一个问题之后，要好好的思考这个问题可能会在哪些环节上出错。</p> <p>一辆汽车从总成线上下来，车门子关不上！</p> <p>哪错了？你怎么查？</p> <p>当然是顺着生产线一站一站的查下来。</p> <p>程序也是一样的，也是一系列语句完成后产生的结果。</p> <p>写一个网络程序，总是发现服务器端打印不出接收的数据，有几个环节会出错？</p> <p>仔细分析这个现象的环节：</p> <p>客户端产生数据-&gt;按“发送”按钮-&gt;发送到服务器-&gt;服务器接收到后打印</p> <p>这几个环节都有可能会出错：</p> <p>有可能客户端根本就没产生数据，有可能发送按钮按下去后根本就没发出去，或者发出去的不是你产生的东西，或者根本就没连接网络，或者发送出去服务器没有接收到，或者接收到之前就打印了等等等等。</p> <p>学着去这样仔细的分析程序的环节和这些环节可能会产生的问题，你的经验值定然会大幅度快速的提升，这样做很累人，但是一件事情如果做下来一点都不累的话，这个东西还有价值吗？</p> <p>在网页A输入了一个人的名字，提交到B，首先存储到数据库，然后再读出来，发现乱码！怎么办？</p> <p>当然是分析环节：</p> <p>客户输入-&gt;HTTP发送-&gt;B接收-&gt;存储到数据库-&gt;读出-&gt;展现到网页</p> <p>每个环节都可能出问题，怎么才能知道哪里出的问题？继续往下读。</p> <p>3：如何定位错误（重要）</p> <p>分析清楚有哪些环节之后，下一步就是定位到底什么环节出错了。</p> <p>定位有以下三种办法：</p> <p>A 打印输出，比如java的System.out.println()，比如js的alert()，这种办法常用，必须掌握</p> <p>B Debug，可以参考我们的视频《坦克大战》，详细讲了Eclipse的调试。</p> <p>C 删掉一部分调试一部分，也就是去掉一部分的功能，做简化，然后调试剩下的功能，JSP和JavaScript常用。可以参考我们的视频《BBS》等</p> <p>这些我说的比较简单，详细了解的话请关注以下我们的视频吧，在近期会逐步的将一些知识点的视频 进行免费的公布，http://www.bjsxt.com/download.html</p> <p>4：如果还不行，google吧</p> <p>还查不出来？恭喜你，你遇到的错误是值得认真对待的错误，是会影响你学习生涯的错误，问一下google或者百度吧。照着下面的方法查查看。</p> <p>一般来讲，搜索引擎可以搜到各种知识点，我曾经跟同学们开玩笑说：“学会了怎么google或者baidu，其实没必要跟老师学了，自己全都搞懂了，尚学堂是没必要来的。”当然，只是玩笑，培训的作用有三个：</p> <h2 id="如何查搜索引擎"><a href="#如何查搜索引擎" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如何查搜索引擎</h2> <p><strong>先精后粗</strong>，首先先进行尽量精确的查找，比如一个错误，SocketException，你怀疑它是在connect()方法出的问题，那么当然是选这样的关键词java connect SocketException</p> <p><strong>先中后英</strong>，本着以解决问题为主的想法，练习英文还是先放在一边吧，首先应该在中文网页中查询，还不行的话，搜索英文的吧，最近的尚学堂课程中会带大家阅读英文的书籍。有很多东西就像一层窗户纸，远看灰蒙蒙怪唬人的，你壮着胆子一捅，它就破了。阅读英文的书籍就是如此，不是想象中的那么困难：）宁可在沙场上战死，也不能被吓死不是吗：）</p> <p><strong>信息筛选</strong>，搜索出来的结果不见得能够完全匹配，建议大家多阅读前几页的搜索结果，多打开几个网页看看，不过，我的经验是超过3页一般就没意义了，所以超过3页还没有找到合适的答案，或许应该调整一下关键词，或者放粗整个搜索的结果了。</p> <p><strong>经常的进行知识难点的查询</strong>，如果一个问题牵扯的面比较广，就干脆到网上搜索一些相关的专题，比如“java 乱码 mysql” “oracle 创建用户”等等，如果有必要，不要犯懒，勤动手写一些小小的测试程序，来弄明白知识点的细节。这也是涨知识的重要的途径。</p> <p>什么？还不行？那么就BBS吧</p> <p>如果实在还不行，就到BBS上面问一问高手吧。</p> <p>到哪个BBS上？</p> <p>google或者百度不就行了么：）关键词“java论坛”“java bbs”</p> <p>然后在搜索结果里好好的看看那些活动频繁的论坛，以后就是你经常光顾的地方了。http://community.csdn.net就很不错。</p> <h2 id="项目的自学"><a href="#项目的自学" class="header-anchor">#</a> 项目的自学</h2> <p>现在就业竞争的激烈程度已经远远高于当年了，记得我当年毕业时，一个会编程的毕业生站到台上，大声问道：“我会ASP，月薪5000有没有人要？” 台下的企业马上哗的举起一大片手：&quot;我要我要 !&quot;</p> <p>那时 没有任何项目经验也会有人提供学习的机会：）</p> <p>这种好日子恐怕一去不复返了（有些夸张，但无疑当时找一份不错的工作是比现在要容易的多）</p> <p>而现在，即便是各种必要的知识你掌握的差不多了，但还有一座大山横在你的面前，那就是－项目经验。</p> <p>有经验的程序员都知道，学习编程的最有效率的方式，恐怕就是把你扔到一个项目组，连滚带爬的做下一两个项目来，你马上会发现所有的知识点全都连到一起了，不再是分散的，而是形成一个整体了。那种感觉是仅仅深入钻研知识点而不写真实项目的人所不能体会的。一个项目就是一根绳子可以把大片的知识串到一起。</p> <p>如果想锻炼实际开发的能力而不仅仅是背诵或者了解一些知识点，如果想成为真正的好手而不仅仅是背诵“回”字有几种写法，那么，作项目吧！</p> <p>一：J2SE</p> <p>面向对象－封装、继承、多态</p> <p>内存的分析</p> <p>递归</p> <p>集合类、泛型、自动打包与解包、Annotation</p> <p>IO</p> <p>多线程、线程同步</p> <p>TCP/UDP</p> <p>AWT、事件模型、匿名类</p> <p>正则表达式</p> <p>反射机制</p> <p>2：数据库（Oracle或者MySQL）</p> <p>SQL语句</p> <p>多表连接，内外连接， 子查询等</p> <p>管理表、视图、索引、序列、约束等</p> <p>树状结构存储</p> <p>存储过程、触发器</p> <p>数据库设计三范式、</p> <p>3：JDBC</p> <p>JDBC基础</p> <p>连接池</p> <p>树状结构存储与展现</p> <p>DataSource &amp; RowSet</p> <p>JDBC连接Oracle及MySQL</p> <p>4：HTML_CSS_JAVASCRIPT</p> <p>html、css、javascript基础语法</p> <p>JavaScript Form判断</p> <p>Dom编程基础（事件处理等）</p> <p>JS常用效果如TreeView、下拉联动等</p> <p>JS学习方法</p> <p>JS调试方法</p> <p>DreamWeaver初步（建立HTML、Table、Form、CSS）等</p> <p>5：Servlet &amp; JSP</p> <p>tomcat基础</p> <p>servlet基础</p> <p>web.xml配置基础</p> <p>web application的结构</p> <p>servlet生命周期</p> <p>request response等常用方法</p> <p>ServletContext类</p> <p>HTTP协议基础（GET POST）</p> <p>Cookie</p> <p>Session</p> <p>Application</p> <p>JSP的几种语法（包括JSTL等）注意在项目中练习，不要拘泥于语法细节而裹步不前。</p> <p>6：Struts</p> <p>多层架构理论</p> <p>Model 1 and Model 2</p> <p>Struts基本概念</p> <p>MVC</p> <p>Action与业务逻辑类的关系</p> <p>在Struts与JSP之间传递数据</p> <p>Struts处理流程（控制流）</p> <p>Struts TagLib（了解常用的）</p> <p>JSTL</p> <p>ActionForm</p> <p>字段收集</p> <p>上传文件</p> <p>类型转换</p> <p>DTO</p> <p>动态Action Form</p> <p>验证框架</p> <p>ActionForward 转发与重定向</p> <p>动态生成ActionForward</p> <p>全局与局部的ActionForward</p> <p>Action Forward Scope</p> <p>UnknownActionMapping</p> <p>Action的线程安全</p> <p>I18N</p> <p>如何切换语言环境</p> <p>Struts异常处理机制 程序处理 自动处理 自定义异常处理器</p> <p>Struts的多模块配置</p> <p>7：XML</p> <p>（XML/XSL、XSLT/DTD、SCHEMA等基础的概念、关于Java的编程可以暂时扔在一边）</p> <p>8：Hibernate</p> <p>OR Mapping原理</p> <p>Hibernate基础开发步骤</p> <p>Hibernate基本接口（重点Session）</p> <p>普通属性映射</p> <p>关联关系映射</p> <p>Native SQL</p> <p>inverse lazy cascade</p> <p>继承关系映射</p> <p>HQL</p> <p>性能优化 一级缓存 二级缓存 查询缓存</p> <p>事务与并发 悲观锁、乐观锁</p> <p>OpenSessionInView</p> <p>CurrentSession</p> <p>（至于JTA、联合主键、自然主键、动态主键、Any类型 Creteria Queries Intercepter and Event 自定义类型等，可以暂时扔在一边）</p> <p>9：Spring</p> <p>IOC/DI</p> <p>Spring配置</p> <p>Spring架构</p> <p>AOP及Spring AOP</p> <p>声明式事务（AOP）</p> <p>Spring + Hibernate Spring支持Web</p> <p>Scope</p> <p>（其他的Spring模块对于自学来说可以暂时扔在一边）</p> <p>10：EJB3.0</p> <p>J2EE架构基础（JTA JMS等）</p> <p>EJB基础（地位及基本理论、分类等）</p> <p>Annotation</p> <p>Ant编译与部署EJB</p> <p>Session Bean</p> <p>EJB的依赖注入</p> <p>Persistence API</p> <p>（可以用JBoss学习EJB3.0）</p> <h2 id="买书"><a href="#买书" class="header-anchor">#</a> 买书</h2></div> <footer class="page-edit" style="display:none;"><!----> <!----></footer> <!----> <!----> <!----></main> <!----></div></div></div></div><div class="global-ui"><div class="back-to-ceiling" style="right:1rem;bottom:6rem;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border-radius:.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;display:none;" data-v-db14854a data-v-db14854a><svg t="1574745035067" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5404" class="icon" data-v-db14854a><path d="M526.60727968 10.90185116a27.675 27.675 0 0 0-29.21455937 0c-131.36607665 82.28402758-218.69155461 228.01873535-218.69155402 394.07834331a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959153 69.94390903c1.00431239 6.55289093-0.34802892 13.13561351-3.76865779 18.80351572-32.63518765 54.11355614-51.75690182 118.55860487-51.7569018 187.94566865a371.06718723 371.06718723 0 0 0 11.50484808 91.98906777c6.53300375 25.50556257 41.68394495 28.14064038 52.69160883 4.22606766 17.37162448-37.73630017 42.14135425-72.50938081 72.80769204-103.21549295 2.18761121 3.04276886 4.15646224 6.24463696 6.40373557 9.22774369a1871.4375 1871.4375 0 0 0 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